PREGNANCY AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES: RISK FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT
Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, risk factors, glucose control, dietary management, physical activity, insulin therapy, maternal health.Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder that occurs during pregnancy and poses significant health risks to both mother and fetus. This article reviews the primary risk factors associated with gestational diabetes, including obesity, advanced maternal age, family history of diabetes, and lifestyle factors. It also discusses current approaches to managing GDM, focusing on dietary interventions, physical activity, glucose monitoring, and pharmacological treatments when necessary. Effective management of gestational diabetes is critical to minimizing adverse pregnancy outcomes and reducing the risk of future type 2 diabetes in both mother and child. This review aims to provide healthcare professionals with an updated overview of the pathophysiology, risk assessment, and evidence-based management strategies for gestational diabetes.
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