RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL PRESENTATION, AND MANAGEMENT
Keywords:
Renal artery stenosis, secondary hypertension, renal perfusion, atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, diagnosis, treatment.Abstract
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a condition characterized by the narrowing of one or both renal arteries, leading to reduced renal perfusion and subsequent activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The most common causes of RAS are atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia. RAS is an important cause of secondary hypertension and can lead to progressive renal dysfunction if left untreated. Early diagnosis, accurate assessment of the severity, and appropriate management strategies, including medical therapy, angioplasty, or surgical intervention, are crucial to prevent renal damage and cardiovascular complications. This article provides an overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for renal artery stenosis.
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