CHRONIC PAIN
Keywords:
chronic pain,pain management,pharmacological interventions,non-pharmacological therapies,central nervous system, physical rehabilitation, psychosocial impact,multimodal approaches,neuroinflammationAbstract
Chronic pain is a complex,multifaceted condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide,often disrupting daily functioning and reducing quality of life.Unlike acute pain,which serves as a warning signal of injury,chronic pain persists for months or even years,frequently without an identifiable cause.The pathophysiology of chronic pain involves complex interactions between the peripheral and central nervous systems,neuroplasticity,and psychosocial factors.This review examines the current understanding of chronic pain mechanisms,it’s impact on physical and mental health,andexplores contemporary treatment approachers,ranging from pharmacological interventions to non-pharmacological therapies,including cognitive-behavioral therapy and physical rehabilitation.Despite advancements in pain management,many individuals continue to experience insufficient relief, highlighting the need for personalized, multimodal approaches.Understanding the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain and integrating it into clinical practice remains crucial for improving patient outcomes and enhancing quality of life
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