CHRONIC PAIN: NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Keywords:
Chronic pain; Central sensitization; Peripheral sensitization; Neuropathic pain; Nociceptive pain; Pain modulation; Neuroplasticity; Clinical diagnosis.Abstract
Chronic pain is a persistent pathological condition lasting beyond normal tissue healing time, typically more than three months. Unlike acute pain, which serves as a protective biological alarm, chronic pain loses its adaptive function and becomes a disease itself. It is associated with complex neurophysiological changes such as peripheral and central sensitization, altered pain modulation, and long-term synaptic plasticity within the central nervous system. This article discusses the mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and clinical importance of chronic pain in modern medical practice.
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