BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Keywords:
Blood transfusion, anemia, red blood cells, plasma, crossmatching, blood safety, donor screening, hematology, transfusion medicineAbstract
Blood transfusion is a life-saving medical procedure in which donated blood or blood components are transferred into a patient’s circulation to replace lost elements of the blood. It plays a vital role in modern medicine by treating anemia, trauma, surgical bleeding, and various hematological disorders. The development of safe transfusion practices has evolved significantly since the discovery of blood groups by Karl Landsteiner in 1901. Today, blood transfusion safety is ensured through donor screening, crossmatching, component separation, and rigorous infection control standards. However, challenges such as transfusion-transmitted infections, immune reactions, and supply shortages persist in both developed and developing countries. This paper aims to analyze the principles, clinical applications, results, and challenges of blood transfusion practices, based on evidence from WHO, CDC, and peer-reviewed medical studies
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