MIKROBIOTA VA OVQAT HAZM QILISH FIZIOLOGIYASI: ICHAK MIKROBIOTASINING METABOLIK, IMMUN VA NEYROFIZIOLOGIK FUNKSIYALARI
Keywords:
ichak mikrobiotasi, ovqat hazm qilish fiziologiyasi, disbioz, qisqa zanjirli yog‘ kislotalari, probiotiklar, prebiotiklar, metabolik funksiyalar, immunomodulyatsiya, mikrobiota–ichak–miya o‘qi, neyrotransmitterlar, mukozal immunitet, enterotiplarAbstract
Ushbu maqolada odam ichak mikrobiotasining ovqat hazm qilish fiziologiyasidagi o‘rni, uning metabolik, immun va neyrofiziologik funksiyalari kompleks tahlil qilinadi. Zamonaviy ilmiy ma’lumotlar ichak mikrobiotasi organizmning asosiy gomeostatik tizimlaridan biri ekanini ko‘rsatadi. Xususan, mikrobiota polisaxaridlarning parchalanishi, qisqa zanjirli yog‘ kislotalarining sintezi, vitaminlar biosintezi va ichki muhit energetik balansini ta’minlashda muhim metabolik rol o‘ynaydi. Immunologik nuqtai nazardan esa ichak mikrobiotasi mukozal immunitetning shakllanishi, antigenlarga differensial javoblarni modulyatsiya qilish, shuningdek, yallig‘lanish mediatorlarining ekspressiyasini boshqarishda beqiyos ahamiyatga ega. Bundan tashqari, so‘nggi yillarda mikrobiota–ichak–miya o‘qi haqida to‘plangan ilmiy dalillar ichak mikroorganizmlarining neyrotransmitterlar sintezi, stressga javob reaksiyalari va xulq-atvor bilan bog‘liq neyrofiziologik jarayonlarga ta’sirini yoritadi. Maqolada ichak mikrobiotasidagi disbiozning hazm jarayoni, moddalar almashinuvi va immun tizimi faoliyatiga salbiy oqibatlari ham ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari mikrobiotani saqlash va tiklash bo‘yicha probiotik, prebiotik hamda dietoterapevtik yondashuvlarning klinik ahamiyatini asoslaydi.
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