CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY
Keywords:
Heart, Cardiac Physiology, Cardiac Cycle, Conduction System, Cardiac Output, Coronary Circulation, Autonomic Regulation, Cardiovascular HealthAbstract
The human heart is a vital organ responsible for maintaining continuous blood circulation, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues, and removing metabolic wastes. Cardiac physiology encompasses the study of the heart’s structure, electrical conduction system, and functional dynamics, including the cardiac cycle, heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. The heart’s efficiency relies on the coordinated interaction between its chambers, valves, and conduction pathways, as well as regulatory influences from the autonomic nervous system and hormones. Coronary circulation ensures the myocardium receives adequate oxygen and nutrients, while feedback mechanisms help maintain cardiovascular homeostasis under varying physiological conditions. Understanding heart physiology is essential for comprehending normal biological processes and for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disorders
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