THE IMPACT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME ON CLINICAL AND INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Keywords:
Obstructive airway diseases, bronchial asthma, metabolic syndrome, systemic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, asthma phenotypes, asthma endotypes, cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-α In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations, pulmonary functional parameters, metabolic indices, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines in patients suffering from bronchial asthma with and without metabolic syndrome. Particular attention was paid to the role of interleukins (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, GPx, CAT, TAC). The results demonstrate that metabolic syndrome significantly worsens asthma control, increases systemic inflammation, enhances oxidative stress, and contributes to corticosteroid resistance, thereby forming a distinct metabolic asthma phenotype.Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, reversible airflow obstruction, and persistent inflammation. In recent years, it has become evident that asthma is not merely a localized pulmonary disorder but rather a systemic disease, especially when it is associated with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome (MS), which includes abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension, significantly modifies the clinical course, severity, and therapeutic response of bronchial asthma.
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