PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY AND JAW CORRECTION IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL CHALLENGES, AND MODERN THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
Keywords:
Down syndrome; pediatric dentistry; malocclusion; craniofacial abnormalities; maxillary hypoplasia; orthodontic treatment; jaw dysfunction; hypodontia; delayed tooth eruption; periodontal disease; orofacial dysfunction; early intervention; functional therapy; multidisciplinary approachAbstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy 21, present with a distinct spectrum of craniofacial and oral abnormalities that significantly affect dental development and maxillofacial function. Congenital dysfunction of the jaws, delayed tooth eruption, hypodontia, and malocclusion are highly prevalent and often require early and multidisciplinary intervention. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the etiology, clinical manifestations, and current evidence-based approaches to dental and orthodontic management in this population. Emphasis is placed on early intervention, functional rehabilitation, and the integration of preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at improving long-term oral health outcomes and quality of life.
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