HEART FAILURE: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Abstract

This article analyzes the relevance of heart failure in modern medicine, including its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and contemporary therapeutic strategies. Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the inability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body. It most commonly develops as a complication of Ischemic Heart Disease, Arterial Hypertension, and Cardiomyopathy.

The article also highlights the main symptoms of the disease, including shortness of breath, rapid fatigue, peripheral edema, tachycardia, and reduced tolerance to physical activity. In addition, diagnostic methods such as Electrocardiography (ECG), Echocardiography, and cardiac biomarkers are discussed, along with the criteria used for disease classification.Modern treatment strategies are also described, including pharmacotherapy with ACE Inhibitors, Beta Blockers, Diuretics, and SGLT2 Inhibitors, as well as device-based therapy and lifestyle modification approaches. The article substantiates that early detection of Heart Failure and a comprehensive treatment approach play a crucial role in improving patients’ quality of life and reducing mortality rates.